Bicycles and Automobiles in Selected Countries in Millions, 1985-88
Sources: Maria Lowe, The Bicycle: Vehilce for a Small Planet, Worldwatch Institute, 1989, p. 11-12;
Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association, Facts and Figures, Detroit, MI: various editions;
United Nations, Bicycles and Components: A Pilot Survey of Opportunities for Trade Among Developing Countries,
Geneva: International Trade Center UNCTAD/GATT, 1985; Japan Cycle Press International, various editions;
Indian Bicycle Industry: Prospects and Perspectives, New Delhi: Dir. General of Technical Development, 1985, p. 27.
|
Country |
Bikes Total |
Bikes Per Person |
Autos Total |
Ratio Bikes/Auto |
China |
300.0 |
0.27 |
1.2 |
250 |
India |
45.0 |
0.06 |
1.5 |
30.0 |
South Korea |
6.0 |
0.15 |
0.3 |
20.0 |
Egypt |
1.5 |
0.03 |
0.5 |
3.0 |
Mexico |
12.0 |
0.16 |
4.8 |
2.5 |
Netherlands |
11.0 |
0.79 |
4.9 |
2.2 |
Japan |
60.0 |
0.49 |
30.7 |
2 |
West Germany |
45.0 |
0.74 |
26.0 |
1.7 |
Argentina |
4.5 |
0.16 |
3.4 |
1.3 |
Tansania |
0.5 |
0.02 |
0.5 |
1.0 |
Australia |
6.8 |
0.42 |
7.1 |
0.9 |
United States |
103.0 |
0.42 |
139.0 |
0.7 |
Bicycle Production of Selected Countries, in Millions, 1986-2000
N/A = data not available. Sources: Bicycle Retailer & Industry News,
Cycle Press, European Bicycle Manufacturers Association,
Japan Bicycle Promotion Institute, and Bike Europe.
|
Country |
1986 |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
China |
41.0 |
31.9 |
36.8 |
40.3 |
41.0 |
42.0 |
41.0 |
38.0 |
30.0 |
23.1 |
42.7 |
52.2 |
France |
N/A |
1.5 |
1.2 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
1.8 |
1.9 |
Germany |
2.9 |
3.9 |
4.9 |
4.6 |
3.5 |
3.2 |
2.9 |
2.8 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
India |
5.3 |
8.4 |
8.8 |
9.0 |
9.9 |
10.5 |
11.5 |
11.3 |
11.0 |
10.5 |
11.0 |
11.0 |
Indonesia |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.2 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
2.3 |
3.0 |
2.8 |
2.6 |
N/A |
Italy |
1.6 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
4.1 |
5.2 |
5.8 |
5.3 |
4.0 |
4.0 |
3.0 |
3.3 |
3.2 |
Japan |
7.8 |
8.0 |
7.5 |
7.3 |
6.9 |
6.7 |
6.6 |
6.1 |
6.0 |
5.9 |
5.6 |
4.7 |
Korea |
2.6 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
N/A |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
N/A |
Malaysia |
N/A |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
N/A |
Taiwan |
9.9 |
6.8 |
7.7 |
7.5 |
7.9 |
9.2 |
9.7 |
7.4 |
11.9 |
10.1 |
8.3 |
7.5 |
Thailand |
1.0 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.8 |
1.5 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
N/A |
United Kingdom |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
United States |
5.8 |
5.6 |
7.6 |
8.9 |
7.7 |
7.3 |
8.8 |
8.0 |
6.0 |
2.5 |
1.7 |
1.1 |
World Bicycle and Automobile Production, in Millions, 1950-2000
Source: compiled by Worldwatch Institute, Vital Signs 2002 (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2002)
|
Year |
Bikes |
Autos |
1950 |
11 |
8 |
1951 |
11 |
7 |
1952 |
12 |
6 |
1953 |
13 |
8 |
1954 |
14 |
8 |
1955 |
15 |
11 |
1956 |
16 |
9 |
1957 |
17 |
10 |
1958 |
18 |
9 |
1959 |
19 |
11 |
1960 |
20 |
13 |
1961 |
20 |
11 |
1962 |
20 |
14 |
1963 |
20 |
16 |
1964 |
21 |
17 |
1965 |
21 |
19 |
1966 |
22 |
19 |
1967 |
23 |
19 |
1968 |
24 |
22 |
1969 |
25 |
23 |
Year |
Bikes |
Autos |
1970 |
36 |
23 |
1971 |
39 |
27 |
1972 |
46 |
28 |
1973 |
52 |
30 |
1974 |
52 |
26 |
1975 |
43 |
25 |
1976 |
47 |
29 |
1977 |
49 |
31 |
1978 |
51 |
31 |
1979 |
54 |
31 |
1980 |
62 |
29 |
1981 |
65 |
28 |
1982 |
69 |
27 |
1983 |
74 |
30 |
1984 |
76 |
31 |
1985 |
79 |
32 |
1986 |
84 |
33 |
1987 |
98 |
33 |
1988 |
105 |
34 |
1989 |
95 |
36 |
Year |
Bikes |
Autos |
1990 |
92 |
36 |
1991 |
99 |
35 |
1992 |
102 |
36 |
1993 |
102 |
34 |
1994 |
105 |
35 |
1995 |
106 |
35 |
1996 |
98 |
37 |
1997 |
92 |
39 |
1998 |
76 |
38 |
1999 |
93 |
40 |
2000 |
101 |
41 |
United States Bicycle Market, 1865-2000
Sources: Cycle Trades Association (1890s), U.S. Department of Commerce,
U.S. Tariff Commission (1900-1960), War Industries Board (1916-17),
General Motors Corp. New Departure Division (1919-1932),
Arnold Schwinn Bicycle Co. (1930s-1970s), Bicycle Manufacturers Association (1970s),
Bicycle Institute of America (1946-1990s), Bicycle Retailer & Industry News.
|
Year |
Total |
Domestic |
Import |
Export |
1865 |
0 |
- |
- |
- |
1866 |
5 |
- |
- |
- |
1867 |
10 |
- |
- |
- |
1868 |
500 |
- |
- |
- |
1869 |
25,000 |
- |
- |
- |
1870 |
10,000 |
- |
- |
- |
1871 |
1,000 |
- |
- |
- |
1872 |
100 |
- |
- |
- |
1873 |
50 |
- |
- |
- |
1874 |
5 |
- |
- |
- |
1875 |
5 |
- |
- |
- |
1876 |
5 |
- |
- |
- |
1877 |
10 |
- |
- |
- |
1878 |
100 |
- |
- |
- |
1879 |
400 |
- |
- |
- |
1880 |
5,000 |
- |
- |
- |
1881 |
10,000 |
- |
- |
- |
1882 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1883 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1884 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Year |
Total |
Domestic |
Import |
Export |
1885 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1886 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1887 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1888 |
150,000 |
- |
- |
- |
1889 |
200,000 |
- |
- |
- |
1890 |
340,000 |
- |
- |
- |
1891 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1892 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1893 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1894 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1895 |
800,000 |
- |
- |
- |
1896 |
1,200,000 |
- |
- |
- |
1897 |
2,000,000 |
- |
- |
- |
1898 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1899 |
1,182,691 |
- |
- |
- |
1900 |
1,182,850 |
- |
- |
- |
1901 |
1,182,850 |
- |
- |
- |
1902 |
1,182,850 |
- |
- |
- |
1903 |
1,182,850 |
- |
- |
- |
1904 |
250,487 |
- |
- |
- |
Year |
Total |
Domestic |
Import |
Export |
1905 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1906 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1907 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1908 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1909 |
233,707 |
- |
- |
- |
1910 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1911 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1912 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1913 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1914 |
398,899 |
- |
- |
- |
1915 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
1916 |
526,076 |
- |
- |
- |
1917 |
606,918 |
- |
- |
- |
1918 |
567,207 |
- |
- |
- |
1919 |
479,163 |
- |
- |
- |
1920 |
750,000 |
- |
- |
- |
1921 |
750,000 |
- |
- |
- |
1922 |
750,000 |
- |
- |
- |
1923 |
750,000 |
- |
- |
- |
1924 |
350,000 |
343,033 |
- |
6,967 |
Year |
Total |
Domestic |
Import |
Export |
1925 |
252,296 |
260,000 |
- |
7,710 |
1926 |
294,656 |
300,000 |
- |
5,344 |
1927 |
250,168 |
255,000 |
- |
4,832 |
1928 |
342,911 |
348,000 |
- |
5,089 |
1929 |
301,892 |
308,000 |
- |
6,108 |
1930 |
296,254 |
300,000 |
- |
3,746 |
1931 |
258,566 |
260,000 |
- |
1,434 |
1932 |
259,205 |
260,000 |
- |
795 |
1933 |
323,967 |
320,000 |
5,000 |
1,033 |
1934 |
518,773 |
512,450 |
7,500 |
1,177 |
1935 |
668,880 |
657,000 |
13,000 |
1,120 |
1936 |
1,233,093 |
1,218,415 |
17,000 |
2,322 |
1937 |
1,143,160 |
1,131,000 |
16,000 |
3,840 |
1938 |
864,989 |
851,526 |
16,500 |
3,037 |
1939 |
1,258,380 |
1,252,886 |
12,214 |
6,720 |
1940 |
1,290,459 |
1,290,925 |
11,329 |
1,795 |
1941 |
1,806,982 |
1,829,073 |
6,041 |
28,132 |
1942 |
554,890 |
560,484 |
584 |
6,506 |
1943 |
158,191 |
178,938 |
101 |
20,848 |
1944 |
148,799 |
172,965 |
62 |
24,229 |
Year |
Total |
Domestic |
Import |
Export |
1945 |
544,721 |
544,655 |
3,675 |
13,609 |
1946 |
1,664,327 |
1,652,923 |
46,840 |
35,436 |
1947 |
2,800,744 |
2,875,000 |
19,758 |
93,984 |
1948 |
2,706,185 |
2,794,516 |
16,774 |
105,105 |
1949 |
1,451,685 |
1,483,009 |
15,985 |
49,254 |
1950 |
2,006,364 |
1,963,716 |
67,789 |
25,141 |
1951 |
2,085,047 |
1,925,797 |
176,144 |
17,394 |
1952 |
2,085,047 |
1,920,179 |
245,763 |
12,202 |
1953 |
2,695,629 |
1,111,899 |
592,999 |
9,269 |
1954 |
2,487,357 |
1,531,857 |
963,667 |
8,167 |
1955 |
3,011,741 |
1,794,968 |
1,223,990 |
7,217 |
1956 |
2,914,952 |
1,746,818 |
1,173,346 |
5,212 |
1957 |
2,625,554 |
1,884,446 |
748,689 |
7,981 |
1958 |
2,930,840 |
2,116,344 |
823,614 |
9,118 |
1959 |
3,572,288 |
2,562,338 |
1,013,396 |
3,446 |
1960 |
3,769,698 |
2,584,622 |
1,188,034 |
2,961 |
1961 |
3,663,663 |
2,579,093 |
1,087,318 |
2,748 |
1962 |
4,216,177 |
2,954,215 |
1,266,790 |
4,828 |
1963 |
4,409,649 |
3,118,260 |
1,294,901 |
3,512 |
1964 |
5,088,485 |
4,082,563 |
1,010,035 |
4,113 |
Year |
Total |
Domestic |
Import |
Export |
1965 |
5,654,124 |
4,618,743 |
1,038,884 |
3,503 |
1966 |
5,747,703 |
4,829,122 |
927,223 |
8,642 |
1967 |
6,292,194 |
5,180,352 |
1,117,246 |
5,404 |
1968 |
7,493,886 |
5,986,184 |
1,534,138 |
6,466 |
1969 |
7,053,417 |
5,089,023 |
1,970,528 |
6,134 |
1970 |
6,891,082 |
4,950,879 |
1,947,396 |
7,193 |
1971 |
8,849,240 |
6,518,806 |
239,470 |
9,036 |
1972 |
13,896,967 |
8,750,597 |
5,156,068 |
9,698 |
1973 |
15,210,282 |
10,072,356 |
5,154,903 |
16,977 |
1974 |
14,105,775 |
10,161,000 |
3,979,225 |
34,741 |
1975 |
7,293,784 |
5,605,981 |
1,717,885 |
30,082 |
1976 |
7,804,264 |
6,177,389 |
1,667,537 |
40,662 |
1977 |
9,412,717 |
7,483,505 |
1,967,801 |
38,669 |
1978 |
9,228,925 |
7,342,475 |
1,959,896 |
73,446 |
1979 |
10,800,000 |
9,000,000 |
1,800,000 |
- |
1980 |
9,000,000 |
7,000,000 |
2,000,000 |
- |
1981 |
8,900,000 |
6,800,000 |
2,100,000 |
- |
1982 |
6,800,000 |
5,200,000 |
1,600,000 |
- |
1983 |
9,000,000 |
6,300,000 |
2,700,000 |
- |
1984 |
10,100,000 |
5,900,000 |
4,200,000 |
- |
Year |
Total |
Domestic |
Import |
Export |
1985 |
11,400,000 |
5,800,000 |
5,600,000 |
- |
1986 |
12,300,000 |
5,300,000 |
7,000,000 |
- |
1987 |
12,600,000 |
5,200,000 |
7,400,000 |
- |
1988 |
9,900,000 |
4,500,000 |
5,400,000 |
- |
1989 |
10,700,000 |
5,300,000 |
4,900,000 |
- |
1990 |
10,800,000 |
6,000,000 |
4,800,000 |
- |
1991 |
15,100,000 |
8,600,000 |
6,500,000 |
- |
1992 |
15,400,000 |
9,100,000 |
6,300,000 |
- |
1993 |
16,800,000 |
9,700,000 |
7,100,000 |
- |
1994 |
16,700,000 |
9,700,000 |
7,000,000 |
- |
1995 |
16,200,000 |
9,000,000 |
7,200,000 |
- |
1996 |
15,500,000 |
8,000,000 |
7,500,000 |
- |
1997 |
15,200,000 |
5,400,000 |
9,800,000 |
- |
1998 |
15,800,000 |
2,000,000 |
13,800,000 |
- |
1999 |
17,500,000 |
1,200,000 |
16,300,000 |
- |
2000 |
20,900,000 |
700,000 |
20,200,000 |
- |
2001 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Daily Trips by Cycling in Selected Cities, 1989
Sources: World Watch Institute
|
City |
Percent of Total Trips |
Notes |
Tianjin, China |
77 |
of non-walking trips |
Shenyang, China |
65 |
of non-walking trips |
Groningen, Netherlands |
50 |
- |
Beijing, China |
48 |
of non-walking trips |
Delft, Netherlands |
43 |
- |
Dhaka, Bangladesh |
40 |
with cycle rickshaw trips |
Erlangen, Germany |
26 |
- |
Odense, Denmark |
25 |
- |
Tokyo, Japan |
25 |
cycling and walking trips to work |
Moscow, Russia |
24 |
cycling and walking trips to work |
Delhi, India |
22 |
- |
Copenhagen, Denmark |
20 |
- |
Basel, Switzerland |
20 |
- |
Hanover, Germany |
14 |
- |
New York City, United States |
8 |
of vehicle trips in East Village |
Perth, Australia |
6 |
- |
Toronto, Canada |
3 |
of vehicle trips |
London, England |
2 |
- |
Sydney, Australia |
1 |
- |
Cargo and Taxi Cycles in Selected Places, 1988
Sources: Rob Gallagher, The Rickshaws of Bangladesh, Dhaka University Press, 1992
Michael Replogle, Non-Motorized Vehicles in Asian Cities, Washington D.C.: World Bank, 1992.
|
Country |
Cycles |
India |
1,700,000 |
China |
750,000 |
Bangladesh |
700,000 |
Indonesia |
300,000 |
Vietnam |
150,000 |
Columbia |
100,000 |
Chile |
100,000 |
Burma |
60,000 |
Laos |
50,000 |
Nepal |
50,000 |
Europe |
20,000 |
Thailand |
15,000 |
Philippines |
15,000 |
Malaysia |
10,000 |
Pakistan |
10,000 |
Argentina |
10,000 |
Brazil |
10,000 |
Mexico |
10,000 |
United States & Canada |
10,000 |
Dominican Republic |
10,000 |
Japan |
5,000 |
Korea |
5,000 |
World Total |
4,250,000 |
Cost of Bicycles in Selected Places, 1985-1992
|
City or Country |
Currency |
Cost of Bike |
Days Wages |
Havana, Cuba |
Peso |
65-150 |
3-12 |
Copenhagen, Denmark |
Kroner |
2,000 |
10 |
Estonia |
EEK |
800-2600 |
90-270 |
Ethiopia |
Dollar |
400 |
1,100 |
Guangzhou, China |
Yuan |
1000 |
60 |
Amsterdam, Netherlands |
Guilder |
200-6,000 |
2-30 |
Shanghai, China |
Yuan |
200-400 |
30-60 |
Tianjin, China |
Rmby |
300-600 |
30-60 |
London, England |
Pound |
150-3,000 |
2-30 |
Chicago, United States |
Dollar |
150-4,000 |
2-30 |
Zanzibar, Tanzania |
Shilling |
15,000-20,000 |
350 |
|